经济刑法机能的重塑:从管制主义迈向自治主义

Reshaping Function of Economic Criminal Law:From Dirigisme to Autonomy

我国的市场经济体制已经进入了深化改革时期,经济刑法也应当随之做出调整。但目前的经济刑法仍保留着较强的管制主义色彩,主要表现在对经济秩序的过度重视和刑法适用的泛化。其深层原因在于对经济刑法的法机能即保护法益的重心缺乏清楚的认识。在从管制经济刑法观向自治经济刑法观转变的过程中,需要根据保护法益重心的不同将经济刑法区分为"制度依存型经济刑法"与"权益保障型经济刑法"两种类型。在制度依存型经济刑法中,应当树立国民权益与经济秩序并重的新法益观。在权益保障型经济刑法中,则应当以国民权益作为唯一的保护法益。经济刑法理念重塑的具体措施则涉及经济刑法性质的重新确定、保护法益的调整、特别刑法立法工作的启动、兜底条款的废除等,由此使自治经济刑法能够在保障国民权益和维系经济秩序之间达到平衡。

The economic system reform in China has opened a new era that transits to a market economy with full freedom.According to it,the economic criminal law should be adjusted.But the economic criminal law has"dirigisme"inclination.It mainly embodies as excessive emphasis on economic order and generalization of criminal law.The deep reason lies in the Lack of awareness about the function of economic criminal law namely the focus of legal interest.In the process of the change from"dirigisme"economic criminal law to liberal economic criminal law,we should divide the economic criminal law into system dependent economic criminal law and rights and interests guarantee economic criminal law.In the system dependent economic criminal law,we should establish a new concept of legal interest that lumped economic order and rights and interests of the people together.In the rights and interests guaranteed by economic criminal law,we should take the rights and interests of the people as the only legal interests.The concrete measures are abolishing fallback provisions;major illegal acts such as regulating monopolization as crime,and flexibly using non-penalty.Then we could make the liberal economic criminal law keep balance between rights and interests of the people and economic system.