司法裁判理论——一种现代司法裁判理论

The Theory of Judicial Decision——A Theory of Judicial Decision for Today

法庭设立的目的是追求并实现当事人之间的公正结果。与民法法系相比较,英美法系的司法职能主要体现在争议事实的裁判功能以及为其它争议事实确证法律的功能,并且这两方面功能相互影响着彼此。由于司法裁判在法官职责中摇摆不定的缘故,美国诉讼程序存在着牺牲特定当事人或者牺牲法律确定性与秩序的现象。美国裁判程序被划分成查明法律、解释已选择的法律材料以及作为结果的法律规范适用于诉讼案件等步骤。庞德从社会工程学的立场出发,详细探讨了制定法与普通法以及法官司法与行政司法在法律秩序领域的划分,描述了一幅作为广义的社会工程程序组成部分的司法裁判的崭新图景。

The court is set up to achieve justice.Compared with the civil law system,the function of the Anglo-American law system mainly focuses on the function of adjudicating the controversy and the function of declaring the law for other controversies,which have a reciprocal influence.There has been sacrifice of particular litigants and sacrifice of certainty and order in the law,as decision has fluctuated between regard to the one or to the other of the two sides of the judge’s duty.The American judicial process can be divided into the three steps,finding the law,interpreting the legal material selected,and applying the resulting legal precept to the cause.From the standpoint of social engineering,Pound analyzes partition of the field of the legal order between legislation and common law and also between judicial justice and administrative justice,and draws a new picture which is used to describe the judicial decision as a part of the whole process of social control.