民法典背景下再论商法基本原则的判断标准与厘定

Re-discussion on the Judgment Standard and Determination of the Basic Principles of Commercial Law under the Background of the Civil Code

商法的基本原则之提出并予以恰当规范,乃是论证《商事通则》抑或《商法典》立法工程的基础之一。学界提出的商法基本原则群的具体构成很不统一,究其原因是没有形成科学的统一判断标准。探寻商法基本原则,需要厘清“商法基本原则”与相关范畴的区别,并以商法基本原则概念的内涵为依据,辅之以价值分析和比较法分析的方法,并付诸科学的统一判断标准进行检验。依赖真理性、基础性、全程性、表征性、国际性等五项判断标准,可以得出结论:与民法基本原则相区分的商法基本原则具有唯一性,也即营利性原则,包括营业自由与确认、保护营利等子原则。

Proposing and properly regulating the basic principles of commercial law is one of the foundations for demonstrating the"General Principles of Commercial Affairs"or the"Commercial Code"legislative project.Theacademic opinions on the specific composition of the basic principles of commercial law are inconsistent.The reason is that there is no scientific unified judgment standard.To explore the basic principles of commercial law,it is necessary to clarify the difference between the"basic principles of commercial law"and related categories,and to base on the connotation of the basic principles of commercial law,supplemented by the methods of value analysis and comparative analysis,and test by scientific unified judgment standards.Relying on the five criteria of the truthfulness,fundamentality,full process,representation,and internationality,it can be concluded that the basic principles of commercial law that are distinguished from the basic principles of civil law are unique,that is,the principle of profitability,including freedom of business and Sub-principles such as confirming and protecting profit.