历史视角下中国环境法典编纂的再体系化功能

The Re-Systematization Function of China’s Environmental Code Codification in Historical Perspective

如何通过编纂环境法典完善环境法体系是当下推进环境法治的重大课题,但环境法体系化的实践探索其实早已有之。我国环境立法受国外环境立法趋势影响,在早期就萌生了体系化意识,并随着环境立法数量增长与范围扩大不断发展演进。我国的环境法体系化历程不同于西方发达国家,呈现为“基本法—单行法—基本法”的螺旋式发展过程。作为环境基本法,《环境保护法》的最初制定与历次修改均具有体系化意义,旨在引领与回应环境单行法的创制和修改,但面临规范内容、体系效力、模式定位等方面的固有局限。在生态文明建设的背景下,环境法典编纂应当发挥再体系化功能,以扭转碎片化发展趋势为目标定位,正视过往体系化历程的成就与不足,承继与超越环境基本法模式下的体系化成果。

How to improve the environmental law system by codifying the environmental code is a major issue in promoting environmental rule of law nowadays,but the exploration of systematizing environmental law has actually been in place for a long time.Influenced by the trend of foreign environmental legislation,the awareness of systematization was born at an early stage of China’s environmental legislation,and it has been evolving with the growth and expansion of environmental laws.China’s environmental law systematization process differs from that of the developed countries in that it proceeded with the order of"basic law-single law-basic law".As the basic environmental law,the Environmental Protection Law was originally enacted and then revised with the consideration of special environmental laws,but it faced inherent limitations in terms of content,force,and function.In the context of ecological civilization,the codification of environmental laws should play the role of re-systematization,with the goal of reversing the trend of fragmentation,facing up to the achievements and shortcomings of the past systematization,as well as inheriting and surpassing the achievements of systematization under the basic environmental law model.