全球地方化与地方全球化——19世纪至20世纪中期“美洲国际法”的斗争

Glolocalization and Locglobalization:The Battle of American International Law against Eurocentric International Law in 18101940

19世纪至20世纪中期,拉美精英构建的“美洲国际法”(American International Law)表明,拉美国家对国际法并非简单地挪移套用,而是有着与国际法欧洲中心主义斗争的表达与实践。拉美政治家、法学家先是在泛美大会等场合将“欧洲国际法”全球地方化,即证明自身的文明地位,以排除欧洲国际法对拉美的恣意干涉。当他们意识到欧洲国际法的结构性歧视后,则试图以美洲国际法的地方全球化,改造欧洲国际法的实质,从而希望能够取得真正独立、平等的国际地位。拉美精英发挥敢于斗争的精神,以美洲国际法挑战欧洲国际法的普遍主义,并推动构建以绝对不干涉原则为中心的国际新秩序,但受到抱持门罗主义的美国干涉,最终丧失多数拉美国家的信任。揭示美洲国际法理念的流变史,可以表明非欧洲国家如何消解欧洲国际法的话语暴力,进而为以中国智慧变革国际法体系并构建更加公正合理的全球新秩序的理论和实践提供参考。

Latin American states have not only appropriated international law but have also articulated it in a way that overwhelms Eurocentrism,as shown by the American International Law(AIL),which was created by Latin American elites in the 19th and 20th centuries.Latin American politicians and jurists first glocalized the European International Law(EIL)at the Pan-American Congress and the like to show their civilized status and avoid the willful interference of EIL in Latin America.After recognizing the structural discrimination of EIL,they successfully altered its biases by locglobalizing AIL to earn a totally independent and equal international status.A new international order founded on the principle of absolute non-interference was supported by Latin American elites who demonstrated a readiness to battle against the universality of EIL by AIL.Most Latin American states eventually lost faith in AIL because of the Monroe Doctrine immersed with the possibility to entitle the US to intervene Latin America.By exposing the history of AIL,it is feasible to show how non-European countries may strike a blow to Eurocentrism.The theory and practice of reforming the international legal system and creating a more just and equitable global order with China’s wisdom can then appropriate this as a reference.