论《民法典》中的“依法”

On the“In Accordance with Law”in the Chinese Civil Code

《民法典》中共出现162处“依法”。在我国这种立法习惯由来已久。但对此语词的解释却一直付之阙如。“依”的作用在于指示其他具体的法规范。“法”的范围并无规范等级的限制,应包括所有具有法律拘束力的成文性规范。“依法”在法规范中属于要件,但其实并无实际的规范功能。“依法”为语词提供内容要素与合法要素的功能均能通过法规范体系本身实现。此外,“依法”也未能发挥超出语词本身的指示功能。我国民事立法大量使用“依法”的习惯源于《民法通则》。其目的在于完成当时阶段性的法治宣示与教育任务。但当前滥用“依法”已经带来了许多的现实问题。因此如有可能,应当对其作如下删改:首先应清理那些已产生负面效果的“依法”;其次应通过明确指示相关法条中的积极要件来代替相应的“依法”。

There are 162“Yifa(in Accordance with law)”in the Chinese Civil Code.This mode of legislation has a long history in China.However,there has been a lack of academic analysis of this term.The function of this term is to indicate other norms in positive law,which includes all levels of norms.But in fact this term has no real normative function.When words appear in the language game of the system of norms,the elements of the words have been influenced by other norms,which replace the role of this term.And this term has no indicative function beyond the word itself.The customary use of this term originates from the General Principles of Civil Law and was intended to fulfil the task of propaganda and education about the rule of law at that time.However,the current misuse of this term has created many practical problems.Legislators should get rid of the myth of this term and make the following changes:Firstly,those terms that have had a negative effect should be deleted.Secondly,when this term is used to indicate the positive element of the relative word,the relevant norms should be clearly indicated.