有限责任公司董事自我交易制度建构与司法适用

Institutional Construction and Judicial Application of Director’s Self-dealing of the Company with Limited Liability

股份公司的董事不得实施自我交易,应由监事会代理公司与董事进行交易,因此《公司法》第148条第1款第4项的规定仅可适用于有限责任公司。《公司法》第148条第1款第4项的主体适用范围为公司董事和高级管理人员,客体适用范围包括董事以本公司名义与自己或自己所代理的第三方订立合同或进行交易的行为。《公司法》第148条第1款第4项的立法目的在于防范利益冲突的抽象风险,其适用不以利益冲突的实际存在为前提。公司通过章程授权或股东会以事先批准或事后追认的方式同意的董事自我交易即为有效,不宜采纳英美法上的实质公平审查制度允许法院对符合法律规定的董事自我交易的公平性进行二次审查。董事违反法律规定实施的自我交易属于无权代理行为,其效力待定,公司可予以追认。

The directors of a joint-stock company shall not conduct self-dealings,and the supervisory board shall conduct transactions with the directors on the company’s behalf.Therefore,the provisions of Paragraph 1,IV of Article 148 of the Company Law may only apply to limited liability companies.The above regulation applies for entering into contracts or conducting transactions by the directors and senior management personnel with themselves or third parties they represent in the name of the company.The purpose of Paragraph 1,IV of Article 148 of the Company Law is to prevent the abstract risk of conflict of interest.The actual existence of the conflict of interest is not one of the preconditions for its application.Therefore,self-dealings by directors authorized by the Articles of Association or approved by the shareholder meetings before or after the selfdealings are effective.The institute of substantive fairness review from Anglo-American law which allows the court to conduct judicial review on the fairness of the self-dealing shall not be adopted in Chinese Company Law.The effectiveness of the self-dealing conducted by the directors against law is suspending and the company has the choice to make it effective by retrospective approval.