论侵害人格权益财产损失赔偿中的法院酌定

On Discretion of the Court in Compensation for Property Loss Infringing on Personality Rights

在人格权侵权中不断扩大法院酌定赔偿数额的权力,是比较法上重要的发展趋势,我国《民法典》侵权责任编在《侵权责任法》立法经验的基础上,对侵害人格权益财产损失赔偿中的法院酌定规则作出了规定,顺应了这一发展趋势。法院酌定的对象是受害人的财产损失数额,而非行为人的获利数额;在人格权侵权中,受害人可以请求法院酌定赔偿数额,法院也可以依据职权酌定赔偿数额,而且在受害人请求行为人赔偿财产损失但无法证明财产损失数额以及行为人的获利数额时,法院也应依职权酌定赔偿数额。法院在酌定赔偿数额时需要考虑多种因素,出于损害预防的需要,法院一般应当以拟制的许可使用费数额、行为人的获利数额等损害预防类的参考因素为基础酌定赔偿数额。

It is an important tendency in the development of comparative law to continuously expand the power of the court to determine the amount of compensation in the infringement of personality rights.Conforming to this development trend and continuing the legislative experience of the Tort Liability Law,China’s Civil Code stipulates rules of the court discretion in compensation for property loss infringing on personality rights.The object of the court’s discretion is the amount of the injured party’s property loss rather than the amount of the tortfeasor’s profit.In the case of infringement of personality rights,the court may determine the amount of compensation at the discretion according to its own authority,and the injured party may request the court to determine the amount of compensation at the discretion as well;moreover,when the injured party claims against the tortfeasor to compensate for property loss but unable to provide the proof of the amount of one’s own property loss nor the amount of the tortfeasor’s profit,the court is also obliged to determine the amount of compensation at the discretion in accordance with its authority.For the need of preventing damage,in specific cases,the court shall generally determine the amount of compensation at the discretion based on reference factors of damage prevention such as the amount of proposed royalties,the amount of the tortfeasor’s profit,and so forth.