非法经营罪范围的扩张及其限制——以行政许可为视角的考察

The Expansion and Limitation of the Crime of Illegal Business Practices:A Survey from the Perspective of Administrative Licensing

非法经营罪是我国刑法中一个重要罪名,由于《刑法》第225条采用了兜底条款的立法方式,使得非法经营罪具有口袋罪的特征。在《行政许可法》实施以后,违反行政许可的经营行为被认定为非法经营行为,并按照非法经营罪定罪处罚,由此而使得非法经营罪的范围大为扩张,非法经营罪沦为《行政许可法》的刑事罚则。行政许可中存在普通许可和特许之分,违反普通许可只是一般的行政违法行为,只有违反特许才符合非法经营罪的违反国家规定要件。因此,违反普通许可行为不能构成非法经营罪,违反特许并且符合《刑法》第225条第4项的实体要件的情况下,才能构成非法经营罪。

Illegal Business Practices constitute an important crime in Chinese criminal law.Because,legislatively speaking,article 225 of the Criminal Law is the bottom clause.Illegal Business Practices have the characteristics of pocket crime.After the implementation of the"Administrative Licensing Law",business practices that violate administrative licenses are declared to be Illegal Business Practices and convicted,in this way,the scope of what constitutes Illegal Business Practices has been greatly expanded and has become the criminal penalty of the Administrative Licensing Law.Administrative licenses are divided into general administrative licensing and special permission.A violation of general licensing is an act of administrative malfeasance.Only violations of special permissions can meet the requirements of the element"the violation of state regulations"in the crime of Illegal Business Practices.Therefore,violations of general administrative licensing cannot constitute the crime of Illegal Business Practices.Only violation of special permission and compliance with the entity requirements of Article 225,Item 4 of the Criminal Law can constitute crimes of Illegal Business Practices.