《民法典》第680条评注(借款利息规制)

Comments on Art.680 of the Civil Code of People’s Republic of China(Interest Rate Restrictions)

《民法典》第680条是关于因借款合同而产生的利息债权及利率限制的规定,其主要目的在于限制利息暴利并尊重当事人的自发性。《民法典》在规范表达方面不再区分金融机构借款与民间借贷,但实际的二元构成并未改变。第680条作为不完全法条,主要通过金融监管部门和最高人民法院的相关规定来实现利率规制的目的。与《合同法》不同,第680条区分了利息没有约定与约定不明确的情形,同时"推定无偿"的效果仅限于双方均为自然人的借款合同。

Article 680 of the"Civil Code"regulates interest claims and interest rate restrictions arising from loan contracts.Its main purpose is to limit profiteering and respect the spontaneity of the parties.The"Civil Code"no longer distinguishes between financial institution loans and private loans in terms of expression,but the actual dual composition has not be changed.As an incomplete article,Article 680 mainly implements the purpose of interest rate regulation through the relevant provisions of the financial regulatory authority and the Supreme People’s Court.Unlike the Contract Law,Article 680 distinguishes situations where interest is not agreed and the agreement is not clear.At the same time,the"presumed gratuitous"position is limited to loan contracts where both parties are natural persons.