碳中和背景下我国碳市场公众参与法律制度研究

Study on Public Participation Mechanism and Law System under the Background of Carbon Neutralization

碳排放交易制度的运行离不开作为关键环节的配额分配过程,我国需要引入公众参与机制作为重要的程序性保障。无论是气候责任理念的确立,公平与效率价值的平衡,还是环境民主原则的适用,都印证了我国碳市场建设引入公众参与程序的必要性,而欧盟排放交易体系与美国地方碳市场的成功实践,进一步揭示了碳排放交易制度实施中引入公众参与的可行性。在立法路径选择中,我国决策者可以考虑在碳排放交易法律体系构建中采用融合立法或专项立法模式确立公众参与程序。在具体制度安排中,分别围绕碳市场的公众参与主体、参与范围和参与方式进行针对性制度设计。

The operation of carbon emissions trading system cannot be separated from the quota allocation process which is the key link,and China needs to introduce public participation mechanism as an important procedural guarantee.The establishment of the concept of climate responsibility,the balance between the value of fairness and efficiency,and the application of the principle of environmental democracy,have confirmed the necessity of introducing public participation in the construction of China’s carbon market.And the successful practice of EU-ETS and the US local carbon market also reveals the feasibility.In the choice of legislative path,China’s policymakers can consider adopting the integrated legislation or special legislative mode to establish public participation procedures in the construction of ETS legal system.As for specific system arrangement,targeted institutional design is carried out around the main body,scope and mode of public participation in the carbon market.