认罪认罚从宽制度中程序从宽的误释与重述

The Misinterpretation and Reinterpretation of the Leniency Procedure in the System of Lenient Punishment for the Admission of Guilt and Acceptance of Punishment

我国认罪认罚从宽制度兼有实体从宽和程序从宽的双重功能。无论在制度上还是在司法实践中实体从宽均呈现出强劲的功效,程序从宽与其相比却黯然失色,理论的误释难逃干系。理论上不仅存在将程序从宽等同于从宽程序,还存在将程序从简等同于程序从宽,甚至将特殊案件的附条件终止诉讼也视为程序从宽。程序从宽的理论泛化导致司法实践将程序从宽始终聚焦于宽松强制措施适用上,以致程序从宽应有的程序权利优待被放逐和程序激励功能被弱化。程序从宽不是实体从宽的附庸,轻缓强制措施、不起诉、程序从简以及其他从宽程序的从宽也并非都是程序从宽。程序从宽具有独立于实体从宽的程序权利和促进实体从宽的独立价值,其核心是被追诉人通过认罪认罚获得独有程序权利优待和不认罪认罚获得过高成本或者难以获得程序优待利益。

The system of lenient punishment for the admission of guilt and acceptance of punishment in China has the dual functions of entity leniency and procedure leniency.The substantial leniency has shown a strong effect both in the system and in the judicial practice,but the procedural leniency eclipses in comparison,that the misinterpretation of the theory is partly to blame.In theory,there is not only the problem that leniency of procedure is equal to leniency of procedure,but also aroused the phenomenon that simplification of procedure amounts to leniency of procedure.Even the conditional termination of proceedings in special cases is included in the scope of procedural leniency.Due to the generalization of procedure,judicial practice always focuses on the application of lenient coercive measures;as a result,the procedural right of leniency is banished and the procedure incentive function is weakened.Actually,the leniency of procedure is not an appendage of the entity leniency,and the leniency of relief compulsory measures,non-prosecution,simplified procedure and other leniency procedures aren’t all leniency of procedure.Procedural leniency per se is inherently independent of the substantive procedural right to leniency and possessing of the independent value of facilitating substantive leniency,the core of it is the special procedural rights that the accused could get by pleading guilty,and the procedural benefits that the accused can hardly get or cannot get by not pleading guilty.