大气污染物与二氧化碳协同减排制度机制的建构

Construction on Collaborative Emission Reduction of Air Pollutants and Carbon Dioxide

我国实现碳达峰目标和碳中和愿景需要大气污染防治制度机制来助力。从可行性来看,大气污染防治的一些法律措施可供碳减排制度借鉴参考,生态环境部统一监管大气污染物与碳减排为推进协同减排制度机制的实施奠定了体制基础。在立法上,协同减排需制定《应对气候变化法》和《能源法》,并注重与《大气污染防治法》等一系列法律法规的衔接。在规范建设上,需重点在能源绿色低碳、生活绿色低碳、区域产业与运输结构绿色低碳等领域及环境影响评估、"三同时"等环节开展协同工作。在制度上,可协同开展评价管理、标准化管理、信息化管理、市场化管理、量化管理等规范衔接工作。在体制和机制上,需明确协同减排的政治责任和措施方法,实施综合评价、考核和生态环境保护督察,推行环境综合执法和环境公益诉讼制度。

To achieve the goal of carbon peak and the vision of carbon neutralization,we need legal systems and mechanisms for air pollution control.From the perspective of feasibility,some legal systems and mechanisms for air pollution control can be used as a reference for carbon emission reduction.The implementation of unified management of air pollutants and carbon emission reduction by the Ministry of ecological environment,has laid the institutional foundation for promoting collaborative emission reduction legislation.In terms of legislation,collaborative emission reduction needs to formulate the"Climate Change Law and Energy Law",and pay attention to the connection with the"Law on Air Pollution Prevention and Control"and other legislations.In terms of rules,it is necessary to focus on the green and low-carbon energy,green and low-carbon life,green and low-carbon regional industry and transportation structure,as well as environmental impact assessment,"three simultaneous"system and other systems to carry out collaborative work.In terms of systems,we can carry out connection such as evaluation management,standardized management,information management,market management and quantization management.In terms of mechanism,it is necessary to clarify the political responsibility and measures of collaborative emission reduction,implement comprehensive evaluation,assessment and ecological environment protection supervision,and implement comprehensive environmental law enforcement and environmental public interest litigation system.