犯罪记录对社会信用体系的耦合嵌入与功能校正

The Coupling and Embedding of Criminal Record to Social Credit System and Its Function Correction

犯罪记录制度作为社会管理的一种工具,其所内含的责任连带与激励机制,以及对社会资源的分配和调节效能与社会信用体系相通,这是犯罪记录嵌入社会信用体系的客观基础。犯罪记录中的前科事实成为社会信用体系的评价要素,由此扩展了刑罚的附随后果。但在两者实际的制度勾连中,社会信用体系出现了严重的功能异化,表现在前科事实与信用惩戒后果的不当联结,以及信用评价对前科事实的过度惩罚等。它破坏了社会信用体系追求的守信激励和失信惩罚的平衡,也会消解犯罪记录制度的积极功能。因此,应当明确犯罪记录介入社会信用体系的应有表达逻辑和基本功能,并且社会信用体系对犯罪记录的运用应当受到合法性、相关性、比例性等原则的约束。

As a tool of social management,the system of criminal record contains joint responsibility and incentive mechanism,as well as the efficiency of allocation and adjustment of social resources,which is the objective basis of embedding criminal record into social credit system.The criminal record becomes the evaluation factor of social credit system,which expands the incidental consequence of penalty.But in the actual connection of social credit system,the function of social credit system has been seriously alienated,which is manifested in the improper connection between criminal record and credit punishment,and the excessive punishment of credit evaluation to criminal record.It damages the balance of incentive to keep promise and punishment for breaking promise,and it will also eliminate the positive function of criminal record system.Therefore,it shall be clarified that criminal record should have expression logic and basic function for intervening social credit system,and the application of criminal record by social credit system shall be subject to the principle of legality,relevance and comparability.