全球卫星导航系统民航应用的国际法律规制

International Legal Regulation on the Application of the Global Navigation Satellite System in Civil Aviation

全球卫星导航系统是现代空中航行系统的重要基础。作为全球卫星导航系统新要素,北斗系统核心星座的民航应用对提高空中航行安全与效率意义重大。《芝加哥公约》及其附件、国际民航组织大会决议、相关指南规定了全球卫星导航系统民航应用的基本原则,明确了服务提供者、使用者的基本规范,试图确保全球卫星导航系统民航应用的安全与效率。然而,现行国际法律框架对全球卫星导航系统的体制、法律责任等关键问题规制不甚明确,给服务提供者、使用者带来了法律不确定性,阻碍了新的全球卫星导航系统服务组件的应用,也不利于全球卫星导航系统频率的保护。现行国际法亟待形成合理的全球卫星导航系统长期法律框架,建立促进双频多卫星星座全球卫星导航系统应用和全球卫星导航系统频率保护的国际法律制度。

The Global Navigation Satellite System is an important foundation of modern air navigation system.As a new element of the Global Navigation Satellite System,the application of the core constellation of the Beidou System in civil aviation is of great significance to improve the safety and efficiency of air navigation.The Chicago Convention and its annexes,resolutions of the General Assembly of the International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO)and relevant guidelines lay down the basic principles for civil aviation applications of Global Navigation Satellite System and define the basic norms for service providers and users,in an attempt to ensure the safety and efficiency of civil aviation applications provided by Global Navigation Satellite System.However,the current international legal framework does not clearly regulate key issues such as the system and legal liability of Global Navigation Satellite System,which brings legal uncertainty to both service providers and users,hinders the application of new Global Navigation Satellite System service components,and is not conducive to the protection of Global Navigation Satellite System frequency.The current international law urgently needs to form a reasonable long-term legal framework of Global Navigation Satellite System and establish an international legal system to promote the application of Global Navigation Satellite System with dual frequency and multi-satellite constellation and the frequency protection of the Global Navigation Satellite System.