建构与宪法相融的经济法——兼论政府与市场经济的关系

Constructing an Economic Law That Conforms with Constitution

经济法兼顾私权和公益、市场和政府的特性决定了必然要打破已经固化的法律二元体系,否则将与公法和私法形成冲突,甚至出现违宪后果。无论是镀金时代和新政时期的美国,还是改革开放中的中国,这种冲突都有不同程度的表现。对公民财产权利保护不力,缺乏公平保护公民从事经济活动的制度,将计划经济体制宪法化以及税收权的宪法缺位等是改革开放过程中我国经济法与宪法不协调的主要原因。但经济法自始至终都是宪法价值观的追捧者,是宪法最忠实的跟随者和践行者。鉴于在个人与社会、权利与权力等基本关系方面的已有共识,中国经济法不仅能避免违宪,而且完全能与宪法相融。

The characteristics of the economic law that takes into account the relationship between private rights and public welfare,the market and the government,determine that it is necessary to break the already established legal dual system,and it forms conflicts with public law and private law and form a constitutional crisis.Whether it is the United States in the gold-plated and New Deal eras,or China in the reform and opening up,such conflicts have varying degrees of performance,and the reasons are different.The main reasons for the inconsistency between China’s economic law and the constitution in the process of reform and opening up are the lack of protection of citizens’property rights,the lack of fair protection of citizens’right to engage in economic activities,the constitutionalizing of the planned economic system and the lack of constitutional power of taxation.But economic law is the enthusiast for constitutional values from beginning to end and is the most faithful follower and practitioner of the Constitution.Based on the consensus on the basic relationship between individuals and society,rights and power,China’s economic law can not only avoid unconstitutionality,but also fully integrate with the Constitution.