由“国家在场”到“社会在场”:合规不起诉实践中的法益结构研究

From State Presence to Social Presence: Research on the Structure of Legal Interest in the Practice of Compliance Non-prosecution

以法益理论为视角,可以对我国近期的合规不起诉实践作出透析。在我国,作为制度层面的合规不起诉从未被有效确立,但是,作为实践层面的合规不起诉却近而有之。就目前而言,这种合规不起诉的司法行动仍是一种零星化、碎片化的个体行为,其能否运转,主要取决于检察院的个体意志,尚无统一的国家层面的执行标准与立法依据。对四起典型案例的分析可以发现,合规不起诉背后的法益结构已然由"国家本位"走向"社会本位"。法益结构的变迁无疑会为司法实践中的法益取舍注入新的考量因素。应将"合规检察建议+相对不起诉"实践置于法益变迁的大背景中进行重构。一方面,应由碎片化走向规范化,优化"合规检察建议+相对不起诉"的具体实施路径;另一方面,应由偶发化走向制度化,国家应尽快出台"合规检察建议+相对不起诉"的规范性文件。

From the perspective of legal interest theory,we can analyze the recent practice of non prosecution of compliance in China.In our country,as a system level of compliance non prosecution,has never been effectively established,but as a practical level of compliance non prosecution,it is near.At present,this kind of judicial action of non prosecution compliance is still a fragmentary and fragmented individual behavior,rather than a unified logic.Whether it can work mainly depends on the individual will of the procuratorate,but there is no unified implementation standard and legislative basis at the national level.Through the analysis of four typical cases,we can find that the legal interest structure behind the judicial action has changed from the state standard to the social standard.The change of legal interest structure will undoubtedly inject new considerations into the choice of legal interest in judicial practice.Therefore,we should reconstruct the practice of"suggestion of compliance prosecution+relative non prosecution"in the context of the change of legal interest.On the one hand,it should be from fragmentation to standardization and optimize the specific implementation path of"compliance prosecution proposal+relative non prosecution";on the other hand,it should be changed from contingency to institutionalization,and the state should issue the normative document of"compliance prosecution proposal+relative non prosecution"as soon as possible.