奥运志愿遗产的兴起、愿景与治理——兼析2022年冬奥会志愿遗产的“北京方案”

The Development, Vision, and Governance of the Olympic Volunteering Legacy——Analysis of the “Beijing Plan” of the 2022 Winter Olympics

在北京举办2022年冬奥会的背景下,通过文本分析法,对奥林匹克体系内"夏季、冬季、青年"奥运会总结报告、申办报告、遗产计划等资料进行编码分析。研究认为现代意义的奥运志愿服务自20世纪80年代兴起,北京2008年奥运会首次明确提出奥运志愿遗产愿景目标。近几届及未来即将举办的奥运会志愿遗产愿景,涵括了人力资本和社会资本两个层面的资本形式,同时也包括五大主题:赋能志愿者个体发展;鼓励青年一代加入志愿服务;建立和完善志愿者人力资源库;转化奥运志愿项目;在全社会形成志愿文化。这些愿景紧密围绕《奥林匹克2020议程》的两大统摄性主题——"青年"和"可持续"。最后,结合国际奥委会最新改革政策及历届奥运经验,本文提出若干建议,力求为2022年冬奥会提供志愿遗产治理的"北京方案"。

This article explored the fi nal offi cial reports,bidding reports and legacy plans of recent Olympic Games by adopting the method of text analysis.Research suggests that modern Olympic voluntary services have emerged in the 1980 s;the Beijing 2008 Olympic and Paralympic Games clearly proposed the vision of volunteering legacy for the first time.The vision of volunteering legacy for the Olympic Games includes two levels:fi rstly the human capital and social capital;secondly the five central themes including empowering volunteers’individual development,encouraging the young generation to join voluntary services,establishing a database for volunteers,transforming Olympic volunteering projects and forming a culture of volunteerism in the whole society.These visions are closely centered on the two pillars of the Olympic Agenda 2020:"Youth"and"Sustainability".