逻辑置换与信任链接:时间银行本土化现状与困境探究——以G市N区时间银行为例

“Pattern Substitution” and “Trust Link”:the Status Quo and Dilemma of the Localization of Time Bank——A Case Study of a Time Bank in China

时间银行概念源于西方,是一种在一定社区地域模式内、以时间货币为媒介、以互惠理念为支撑、互惠行动为导向的交换模式,在资源配置上契合了"第三次分配"的重要作用。近年来,时间银行被引入中国,发展却不尽如人意。本文在波兰尼的理论基础上构建时间银行理想类型的分析框架,通过对G市N区时间银行为期十个月的民族志研究,探讨时间银行本土化的可能方向。本文的分析表明,社会资本与普遍信任是时间银行得以维持的重要土壤。在普遍信任较为缺失的本土情境中,时间银行的互惠逻辑被"市场逻辑"和"公益逻辑"置换,呈现出"逻辑置换"的现状特征;面对这一困境,N区时间银行通过"关系链接"和"制度链接"完成"信任链接",为时间银行的本土化发展提供了有益的探索思路。

Based on the theory of Karl Polanyi,this study constructs an analysis framework of the ideal type of Time Bank through a ten-month ethnographic study of the Time Bank in N town,G city,to explore possible directions of the localization of Time Bank.This article found that social capital and general trust are the foundation of Time Bank.In the local situation where there is a lack of general trust,"market pattern"and"philanthropy pattern"replace the"reciprocal pattern"of Time Bank,which shows the characteristics of"pattern substitution".Facing this dilemma,the Time Bank in N town completes"trust link"through"relational link"and"institutional link",providing a practical reference for the development of local Time Banks.