志愿者服务视角下失独妇女的社会支持研究——基于65位失独妇女的调查

The Study on Social Support for Women Who Lost Their Only Child from the Perspective of Voluntary Services——Based on a Survey of 65 Women

失独妇女群体在遭遇失独困境后,往往会叠加物质和心理的双重困境,尤其是对家庭不富裕的失独妇女来说,迫切需要志愿服务这类第三方力量施以援手。本文以问卷调查结合深度访谈对昆明市65位失独母亲进行了调查,在前人研究基础上总结了失独妇女群体需要面对的社会风险、可以获得的社会支持,并结合访谈资料分析她们的困境和需求,力图通过志愿服务为失独妇女提供解决当下困境的路径和方案。研究发现:调研对象大部分经济状况不佳,存在除生活以外的经济负担;身体和心理健康状况普遍欠佳;存在家庭关系危机、"空巢感"强烈、老无所依引发的生活痛苦等诸多问题;易陷入内源性风险和外源性风险叠加的困境。基于此,本文在志愿服务的视角下,从社会保障、社会资本、社会认同、自我认同、家庭认同五个维度出发,为失独妇女构建多方位的支持体系,解决她们当前的问题,满足她们当前的需求。

Women who lost their only child urgently need the help of third-party forces such as voluntary services.Based on a survey and indepth interviews with 65 mothers who lost their only child,this study found that most of the research subjects are easy to fall into the plight of superposition of endogenous and exogenous risks,because most of them are in poor economic conditions with extra financial burdens;their physical and mental health conditions are generally poor;they are infl icted by the family relationship crisis,the misery of losing the only child,and the anxiety of having no kids to rely on.From the perspective of voluntary service,this study builds a multi-faceted support system for women who have lost their only child from fi ve dimensions.