农村社区养老服务中的志愿者激励:以北京X村为例

Volunteer Motivation of Elderly Services in Rural Community: A Case Study of X Village in Beijing

本文以一个北京农村的志愿者服务队为例,研究了这种嵌入在传统乡土熟人社会中的、内生型志愿者的服务动机的激励机制。研究发现,这类志愿者最初从事志愿服务的动机源于乡土社会的互助传统,后来在政府的外部激励下,表现出动机挤入和动机挤出的"双重效应"。即各种荣誉等"无偿"激励强化了志愿者的服务动机;而服务津贴这样的"有偿"激励,以及与之相伴随的规范化管理、专业化要求等,却给志愿者的服务动机带来负面影响。本文认为,嵌入在乡土社会中的在地化志愿者与现代市场经济条件下的志愿者的服务环境是不同的,因此应该有针对性地采取适合乡土社会的外部激励。

This paper takes a voluntary service organization in rural Beijing as an example to examine the incentive mechanism of endogenous volunteer service motivation embedded in the traditional society of rural acquaintances.It finds that the motivation of such volunteers to engage in voluntary service initially originated from the tradition of mutual assistance in rural society.Then under the external encouragement of the government,they showed the dual effects of motivational crowding in and motivational crowding out.That is to say,various honorary title and other"non-economic"incentives strengthen the volunteers’service motivation;while the"economic"incentives such as service allowances,as well as the standardized management and professional requirements,have negative impact on volunteers’service motivations.This article believes that the service environment of localized volunteers embedded in rural society is different from that of volunteers under the conditions of modern market economy.Therefore,external incentives suitable for rural society should be adopted in a targeted manner.