善良的“隐忧”如何抚平:抗疫志愿者心理创伤修复的情境性支持路径

How to Soothe the Hidden Worries of Kindness: A Situational Support Pathway for Trauma Repair of Anti-epidemic Volunteers

新冠肺炎疫情期间社区志愿者发挥了重要作用,但也因频繁暴露在创伤性事件之中而极易产生心理问题。为了解抗疫志愿者的心理创伤程度及有效的修复路径,本研究使用多阶段抽样的方法对武汉市770位社区防疫志愿者进行问卷调查,并基于"情境互动论"创新性地提出"情境性支持"这一概念,即根据支持主体在志愿者服务情境中所处的位置将社会支持划分为情境内支持与情境外支持,关注二者对于志愿者心理健康状况的影响及其程度,以探究整体情境性支持对于心理创伤的化解路径。本研究发现:志愿者群体心理创伤程度呈"金字塔"状,总体逐渐好转,约十分之一的志愿者产生创伤后应激障碍;与情境外支持相比,志愿服务情境内直接相关主体更倾向于对志愿者提供主观支持,且情境内支持的提供对志愿者心理健康状况的影响更加显著。基于此,本研究从微观与宏观的角度提出了个体、组织、国家各个主体层面的对策建议,以维护志愿者的心理健康、提升志愿服务的工作效率、推动我国志愿公益事业的长足发展、促进和谐社会建设。

In order to understand the degree and effective repair path of the anti-epidemic volunteers’psychological trauma,this study conducts a questionnaire survey on 770 community anti-epidemic volunteers in Wuhan by multi-stage sampling method and innovatively proposes the concept of"Situational Support"based on"Situational Interactionism".It fi nds that most volunteers’psychological states have gradually improved but about one tenth of volunteers still have PTSD,presenting a shape of"pyramid".Compared with subjects of extra-situational support,innersituational support subjects are more inclined to provide subjective support and their infl uence on volunteers’psychological health is more signifi cant.Based on these findings,countermeasures for individuals,organizations and the government are proposed from micro and macro perspectives in order to maintain volunteers’psychological health,improve the effi ciency of voluntary services,boost the long-term development of China’s voluntary public service,and promote the construction of a harmonious society.