基于纤维素纤维的多孔碳材料的制备及应用

Preparation and application of cellulose fiber derived highly porous carbon materials

采用选择性表面溶解(SSD)法将纤维素纤维表面部分溶解,固化后形成多孔结构,最后在Ar气氛中炭化制得多孔碳(HPC-SSD)材料,HPC-SSD材料具有大的比表面积和三维多孔结构。通过SEM、BET、FTIR、XRD及电化学测试,系统地研究了针对纤维素纤维的两种活化预处理方法对HPC-SSD材料的形貌、化学组成、比表面积及电化学性能的影响。通过与纤维素纤维直接炭化所得的多孔碳(HPC)材料的相关性能进行比较发现,HPC-SSD材料的成孔过程更加稳定,有利于大量微孔的形成。采用去离子水→丙酮→二甲基乙酰胺对纤维素纤维进行活化预处理,制得的HPC-SSD材料比电容为226 F·g-1(两电极体系),是HPC材料的4.5倍,比未经过活化预处理的HPC-SSD材料提高了40%。

Selective surface dissolution(SSD)method was utilized to partially dissolve the surfaces of cellulose fibers and consolidate into porous structure.After carbonization under Ar,a highly porous carbon by SSD(HPC-SSD)material was obtained,which exhibits high specific surface area(SSA)and 3 D porous structure.Through SEM,BET,FTIR,XRD and electrochemical tests,the effects of two different activation pretreatment methods on the morphology,chemical composition,SSA and capacitive performance of HPC-SSD material were systematically studied.As compared with HPC carbonized directly from cellulose fibers,HPC-SSD material exhibits more stable pore-forming process,which facilitates to create a large number of micropores.The specific capacitance of HPC-SSD material pretreated by H2O→acetone→N,N-dimethylacetamide is as high as 226 F·g-1(in a two-electrode configuation),which is 4.5 times that of HPC,and 40%higher than that of HPC-SSD material without any activation pretreatment.