刑事法律援助案件之有效辩护问题探究

刑事法律援助案件辩护质量不高、难以实现有效辩护,已经成为影响我国刑事法律援助制度健康发展的一个重大问题。其主要表现是“占坑式”辩护、“配合式”辩护、“应付式”辩护、“指控式”辩护和“练手式”辩护。这其中既有法律援助律师补贴较低的原因,也有法律援助制度普惠性的基本性质定位和公安司法机关对辩护权保障不力的原因,还有当事人未如实陈述案件事实和律师责任心不强、职业伦理有待加强等原因。除了提高刑事法律援助律师办案的补贴标准、设立法律援助律师辩护的最低质量标准、提升法律援助辩护律师执业门槛、强化公安司法机关对辩护权的保障义务并建立相应的程序性制裁措施外,还应加强对律师业务技能和职业伦理培训,科学界定辩护律师的地位,增强法律援助律师相对于公权力机关的独立性,正确处理律师与当事人之间的关系,实现从“绝对独立”走向“相对独立”。

The low defense quality of criminal legal aid cases and the difficulty of realizing effective defense have become a major problem affecting the healthy development of the criminal legal aid system in China.Its main manifestations are“piting”,“cooperating”,“coping”,“accusating”and“practicing”defense.The reasons are as follows:the low subsidy for legal aid lawyers,the basic orientation of the universality of legal aid system,the ineffective protection to defense right of the public security and judicial organs,the failure of the parties to truthfully state the facts of the case,the lawyers’weak sense of responsibility and professional ethics to be strengthened.In addition to improve the subsidies standards of criminal legal aid lawyers’participation in cases,set up the minimum quality standard of legal aid lawyer defense,raise the practice threshold of legal aid defense lawyer,strengthen the defense obligations of public security and judicial organs and establish the corresponding procedural sanctions measures,it is also necessary to strengthen the training of lawyer skills and professional ethics,define the status of defense lawyers,strengthen the independence of the legal aid relative to public authority,correctly handle the relationship between lawyers and the parties,redize the transformation from“absolute independence”to“relative independence”.