民营企业的刑法保护——兼评《刑法修正案(十二)》

《中华人民共和国刑法修正案(十二)》对非法经营同类营业罪、为亲友非法牟利罪和徇私舞弊低价折股、出售国有资产罪的修改在保护民营企业中的功能定位,需要通过研究民营企业刑法保护与刑法修正之间的互动关系加以确定。民营企业刑法保护的生成与我国社会主义所有制形态的变化有关,而具体方式则根据民营企业的发展需求通过刑法修正不断更迭。这使得我国民营企业刑法保护从无到有,与民营企业有关的刑法修正从管控走向保护,从刑法的积极保护转换到消极保护,进而形成了严密管控体系、积极保护方式和消极保护模式并存的局面。未来刑法修正应对民营企业的发展,宜坚持从管控向保护的立场转变,一方面拓宽刑法消极保护的内容,另一方面通过刑法积极保护促成民营企业平等保护的实现。

The Amendment(Ⅻ)to the Criminal Law has made some amendments to the crime of illegal operation of similar kind of business,the crime of illegal profit making for relatives and friends,and the crime of malpractices for personal gain in discounting shares at a low price and selling assets of state-owned companies and enterprises.In order to determine the function of the amendments in the whole criminal law protection system of private enterprises,we need to study the interactive relationship between the criminal law protection of private enterprises and the criminal law amendment.The formation of criminal law protection for private enterprises is related to the change of the socialist ownership form in our country,and the specific way is constantly evolving through criminal law amendment according to the interests of private enterprises.This in turn makes the criminal law protection of private enterprises in our country from scratch to existence,the amendment of criminal law related to private enterprises from control to protection,from active criminal law protection to negative criminal law protection,and the formation of strict control system for private enterprises,multiple positive protection methods and emerging negative protection mode.In response to the development of private enterprises in the future,the revision of criminal law should adhere to the change from the position of control to protection,on the one hand,expand the content of negative protection of private enterprises in criminal law,on the other hand,improve the goal of equal protection of private enterprises through active protection of private enterprises in criminal law.