隐私权保护与个人信息保护关系的法理——兼论《民法典》与《个人信息保护法》的适用

在法律制度上,隐私权保护与个人信息保护的根本区别在于法理基础:前者所保护的关系具有人际关系的特征;后者所保护的是具有人机关系特征的信息处理关系。二者立法在制度框架、适用前提、保护群体、权利性质等方面均不同,一些看似存在逻辑矛盾之处也可以解释。在不涉及信息处理关系时,法律只适用隐私权保护;在涉及信息处理关系时,二者如何适用取决于法律适用所要实现的目标、适用机关及其角色定位、制度适用的方式与制度搭配。二者关系的厘清可以为《民法典》与《个人信息保护法》的适用提供基础。应采用制度视角,将《民法典》中的个人信息条款与《个人信息保护法》视为同一制度模块。在个人信息保护中适用人格权、合同、侵权等制度时也应采取公私法融合的多维视角,结合具体治理目标选择制度工具。

The fundamental difference between the privacy rights protection and the personal information protection lies in their legal basis.Where the former formulates a interpersonal relationship between the infringing party and the infringed party;The latter for mulates the relationship between individuals and information processors as an information processing relationship with human-machine relationship characteristics.The two institutions differ in terms of legal framework,applicable prerequisites,protection of groups,and nature of rights,and some seemingly logical contradictions can also be explained.When there are no personal information processing relationships,only privacy rights could be applied.When there are personal information processing relationships,the application of the two institutions depends on the goals to be achieved in the application of the law,the positioning of the applicable authorities and their roles,the way the institution is applied,and the com bination of the two institutions.The relationship between the privacy rights protection and the personal information protection can provide a basis for the application of the Civil Code of P.R.C.and the Personal Information Protection Law of P.R.C..We should adopt an institutional perspective,treat the personal information clauses in the Civil Code of P.R.C.and the Personal Information Protection Law of P.R.C.as the same institution.The application of legal institutions such as personality rights,contracts,and infringement of personal information should also adopt a multidimensional perspective with the integration of public and private law,and select institutional tools based on specific governance goals.