论数据交易合同规则的适用

从规范、实践和价值层面综合考察可知,数据交易是以货币或货币等价物交换数据产品和服务的活动,主要形式包括转让、许可使用和定制。根据不同交易形态的特征,数据交易合同的给付内容对应划分为:转移财产控制权型、分享财产使用权型和完成工作并交付工作成果型。在尚未出台数据交易相关法律的情况下,《中华人民共和国民法典》第467条规定的无名合同的参照适用条款为明确数据交易的合同类型和合同规则提供了重要指引。通过规范目的、构成要件事实相似性等要素的比较观察,数据交易合同可以准用买卖合同规则、技术许可合同规则和承揽合同规则。此外,由于数据交易标的的特殊性,合同规则需要在不公平条款的效力、违反在先权益的效力、违约损害赔偿计算以及衍生开发成果归属等方面作出调适。

A comprehensive examination of the normative,practical,and value dimensions shows that data transactions are activities in which data products or services are exchanged for money or monetary equivalents,and the main forms include transfers,licensed uses,and customizations.According to the characteristics of different transaction forms,the performance content of data trading contracts is divided into the following types:transfer of property control,completion of work and delivery of work products,and sharing of property use rights.In the absence of a relevant law on data trading,the reference provision of Article 467of the Civil Code for innominate contracts provides important guidelines for clarifying the types of contracts and contract rules for data trading.Through the comparative observation of the normative purpose and the similarity of the constitutive elements,the data trading contract can be applied to the rules of the sale contract,the rules of the undertaking contract,and the rules of the technology license contract.In addition,based on the specificity of the contract object of data trading,contract rules need to be adapted in terms of the validity of unfair contract terms,the validity of contracts for breach of prior interests,the calculation of damages for breach of contract,and the attribution of derived development results.