知识产权案件审判改革中的刑事管辖集中化问题研究

Research on Concentration of Criminal Judicial Jurisprudence in Intellectual Property Adjudication Reform

《知识产权强国建设纲要(2021-2035)》提出的“管辖科学”目标带来知识产权案件审判改革中如何推进“刑事管辖集中化”的课题。刑事管辖集中化改革的正当性依据在于,类案指定型裁量管辖规则是其法律依据,基于案件“刑事侵权”属性的审判能力匹配需求是其实质依据。从理论上讲,只有当刑事案件真正需要以“知识产权侵权”审理为中心时,才具有纳入审判改革范围的必要性,故应当就适格“知识产权刑事案件”的认定标准进行合理设定并就数罪情形下的适格案件进行合理限制。“刑事管辖集中化”命题还蕴含着由知识产权法院(法庭)集中管辖技术性刑事案件的特别需求,可从刑事审理范围和调整手段等方面进行“特别的刑事管辖集中化”改革回应。

The policy goal of scientific judicial jurisprudence set in the Outline for Building a Country Strong on IPR(2021-2035)brings about the issue of facilitating concentration of criminal judicial jurisprudence in intellectual property(IP)adjudication reform.As for its rationale,the legal foundation for such concentration lies in the current type-based designation rules of criminal judicial jurisprudence while the substantive basis can be provided by the practical necessity of matching adjudicatory capacity with the“criminal infringement”character of criminal IP cases.Theoretically speaking,it is necessary for a criminal IP case to be qualified for IP adjudication reform only when there exists the need of being tried with a focus on the aspect of IP infringement;thus there should be some proper test for qualified criminal IP cases and some reasonable limits on its scope in the context of multiple crimes.The issue of concentration of criminal judicial jurisprudence also implies some special need of concentrated criminal adjudication of statutory technical IP cases by special IP courts,for which a specific concentration mechanism of criminal judicial jurisprudence may be implemented from several perspectives including adjudication scope and reform countermeasures.