内幕交易、泄露内幕信息罪犯罪主体认定的“辩审冲突”问题研究

Research on the Issue of “Defense and Trial Conflict” in the Identification of Criminal Subjects of Insider Trading and Leakage of Insider Information

通过对近11年103份内幕交易、泄露内幕信息案件判决书的统计分析可以发现,当前内幕交易、泄露内幕信息罪的适用数量在显著增加,而司法实务界对该罪犯罪主体的认定也产生了较大的争议。围绕“知情人员”和“非法获取人员”两类犯罪主体的认定,辩护方与审判机关存在明显的冲突,而在冲突表象的背后,实际上是双方对信义理论与市场理论的误读。我国在立法方面实际上已经明确秉持信义理论来限制内幕交易、泄露内幕信息罪犯罪主体和刑法边界的立场,而在刑事司法方面辩护方和审判机关都应当坚守文义解释的基本立场,对“知情人员”和“非法获取人员”两类犯罪主体,分别基于特定职务属性和严重违法性的基础进行解释,以减少“辩审冲突”并推动“辩审良性互动”。

Through the statistical analysis of the judgments of 103 insider trading and the leakage of insider information cases in the past 11 years,it can be found that the number of applications of insider trading and the leakage of insider information crimes has increased significantly,and the identification of the subject of the crime in judicial practice has also generated great controversy.Focusing on two identification standards of criminal subjects as“informed persons”and“illegally obtained persons”,there is an obvious conflict between the defense and the court,and it is actually the misreading of fidelity theory and market theory by both sides behind the appearance of the conflict.In terms of legislation,China has actually clearly adhered to the position of restricting the crime of insider trading and the boundaries of criminal law for the leakage of insider information according to fidelity theory.Both the defense and the court should adhere to the basic position of textual interpretation in criminal justice,and two types of criminal subjects of“informed persons”and“illegally obtained persons”should be interpreted based on the specific job attributes and serious illegality respectively,so as to reduce“defense conflict”and to promote the“benign interaction between defense and trial”.