约束与塑造:国家治理现代化中的“政治学习”

Restraint and Shaping:Political Learning in the Modernization of National Governance

“政治学习”的运转涉及双重结构的互动:隐性结构能够表达为党、干部、人民三者之间的关系,其中党群关系暗含着党的政治伦理,是党取得执政地位的依据,而干群关系则构成党群关系的直接反映,与之相对应的,各级党委内嵌于整个行政管理体制当中,官员的权力边界与公民权利的行使均依赖于法律的接受、承认和保护。党、官员和公民的范畴构成政制运作的显性结构,这一结构中的“党”对应于实体性的机构。党中央连接着党的象征层面和实体层面,掌握着解释和代表党的应然性象征内涵的权力,能够以党的伦理作为资源,对干部在实际层面的问题予以整顿和纠偏。在中国现代化的进程中,隐性结构对应的政治伦理和显性结构对应的现代法治之间存在着紧张关系,双重结构的内在张力构成了“政治学习”得以推进和演化的动力。但政治伦理需要通过现代法治予以保障,现代法治的推进又需要以政治塑造作为前提。这同时表明,我们所意图实现的现代化绝不仅仅是现代法治的移植和技术治理的迭代,而是重新呼唤政治伦理的回归,以此来面对现代性所提出的诸多挑战,在这个意义上,社会主义共和国重新规定了现代化的正当性。

The operation of“political learning”involves the interaction of dual structure:the implicit structure can be expressed as the relationship among the party,cadres and the people.The relationship between the party and the masses implies the party's political ethics and is the basis for the party to obtain the ruling position,while the relationship between the cadres and the masses constitutes a direct reflection of the relationship between the party and the masses.The“party”in this structure is mainly missionary and symbolic;Correspondingly,party committees at all levels are embedded in the whole bureaucratic system.Party cadres appear as state officials and are dominated by bureaucratic logic.The power boundary of officials and the exercise of civil rights depend on the acceptance,recognition and protection of law.The categories of party,officials and citizens constitute the dominant structure of political operation,the“party”in this structure corresponds to an entity.The Party Central Committee connects the symbolic and substantive levels of the party,holds the power to explain and represent the symbolic connotation of the party's necessity,and can use the party's ethics as a resource to launch the rectification and correction of cadres at the practical level.In the process of China's modernization,there is a tension between the political ethics corresponding to the implicit structure and the modern rule of law corresponding to the explicit structure.The internal tension of the dual structure constitutes the driving force for the promotion and evolution of“political learning”.However,political ethics needs to be guaranteed by modern rule of law,and the promotion of modern rule of law needs to be based on political shaping.At the same time,it shows that the modernization we intend to achieve is not only the transplantation of modern rule of law and the iteration of technical governance,but also a new call for the return of political ethics to face many challenges posed by modernity.In this sense,the socialist republic has re stipulated the legitimacy of modernization.