中央与地方互动性“试验”改革及其法治转向

The Interactive“Experimental”Reform Between the Central and Local Governments and Its Turn to the Rule of Law

为了推进经济金融等重点领域改革的有序进行,中国在渐进式的改革中采用的是“试验性”的改革思维。无论是地方政府自生自发的先行先试,还是在中央指导下地方政府的政策创新,渐进改革过程中地方政府“先行先试”的改革实践都离不开中央“推动力”和地方政府“竞争力”的共同作用。改革初期,只要地方政府政策创新符合国家的大政方针,试验主体就可以自主进行政策创新试验,而未必需要获得中央的明示性认可或者批准。中央之所以对地方政府的政策创新行为如此地包容,根本原因在于中央期冀通过地方政府的先行先试改革试验寻找国家重点领域改革的突破口,并为改革的全面铺开积累必要的经验知识。然而,随着经验的积累、改革的深入和法制体系的日臻完善,“央地”互动性“试验”改革亟须从既往的政策性“试验”向法治性“试验”转变,以将中国经济金融等重点领域改革纳入法治化的发展轨道。

In order to promote the orderly reform of major fields such as economy and finance,China adopts the“experimental”reform thinking in the gradual reform.Whether it is the spontaneous first try of local governments or the policy innovation of local governments under the guidance of the central government,the reform practice of“first try”of local governments in the process of gradual reform is inseparable from the joint action of the central“driving force”and the“competitiveness”of local governments.In the early stage of reform,as long as the policy innovation of local governments is in line with the major national policies,the test subjects can carry out policy innovation experiments independently,and may not obtain the explicit recognition or approval of the central government.The fundamental reason why the central government gives such tolerance to the policy innovation behavior of local governments is that the central government hopes to find a breakthrough in the reform of major national fields through the pilot reform experiment of local governments,and accumulate necessary experience and knowledge for the comprehensive spread of reform.However,with the accumulation for the comprehensive spread of reform.However,with the accumulation of experience,the deepening of reform and the improvement of the legal system,the“central local”interactive“experimental”reform urgently needs to change from the previous policy“experiment”to the rule of law“experiment”,so as to bring the reform in major fields such as China's economy and finance into the development track of rule of law.