区块链电子证据的效力分析与规范路径

Analysis of the effectiveness of blockchain-based electronic evidence and its path to normalization

区块链技术因其自身特性而与司法需求相契合,被日益广泛地应用于确权与存证领域,也更加突显了电子证据的独立价值。相关司法解释对区块链技术作为电子存证手段进行了法律确认,助推第三方存证机构与司法区块链平台的搭建,有利于改善传统电子证据采信率低的司法现状。由于区块链技术的复杂性以及司法审查规则的缺位,区块链存证对于电子数据真实性的保障仍有局限性,目前法庭对于区块链电子证据的真实性、可靠性等要素审查存在适法不统一。未来对于区块链电子证据的规范,不仅依赖于相关行业标准与规范的确立,还应在审判实践中形成对区块链电子证据审查的二元视角,推动"诉前存证+司法验证"证明机制的扩展应用,完善相关审查规则。

As the blockchain technology meets judicial needs due to its characteristics,it is increasingly widely used in the field of authentication and evidence deposit,which also highlights the independent value of electronic evidence.Relevant judicial interpretations have officially confirmed the blockchain technology as a means of electronic evidence deposit,and promoted the establishment of third-party evidence depository institutions and judicial blockchain platforms,which is conducive to improving the situation of low acceptance rate of traditional electronic evidence.Due to the complexity of blockchain technology and the absence of judicial examination rules,there are still limitations in guaranteeing the authenticity of electronic data.At present,the law application in examination of the authenticity,reliability and other elements of blockchain-based electronic evidence is inconsistent.In the future,the normalization of blockchain electronic evidence will not only rely on the establishment of relevant industry standards and norms,but also require formation of a dual perspective of blockchain electronic evidence examination in judicial practice,the promotion of the expanded application of the proof mechanism of"pretrial deposit&judicial verification",and the improvement of relevant examination rules.