19世纪英国精神治疗转型与疯癫诗人的艺术生产

The 19th century British psychotherapeutic transformation and the mad poets’ artistic production

英国在19世纪出现了精神病治疗转型,以道德治疗著称的私人庇护所逐渐成为重要的治疗场所。自此以后,英国呈现出私人庇护所和公立精神病院二分天下的局面。以往学者大多集中研究这段时间疯人院背后的社会和历史,却很少有人专门探讨真正经历过精神病院治疗的作家以及作品。在精神病院转型的背景下,探究女性知识分子玛丽·兰姆和男性农民诗人约翰·克莱尔的作品,可以从两人的经历和性别中挖掘出他们的作品中蕴藏的疯癫叙事的价值。兰姆女士的诗歌展现了典型的补偿特征,诗人通过提倡儿童教育来治疗现实生活中的罪恶感,而克莱尔具有典型讽刺风格的疯癫创作披露了私人庇护所中的金钱交易以及公立精神病院的暴力事件,为推进精神病院改革做出了一定贡献。

In the 19 th century,Britain saw a transformation of psychiatric treatment.Private asylums,famous for their moral treatment,gradually became important treatment locations.Since then,the UK has seen a dichotomy between private asylums and public madhouses.In the past,most scholars focused on the social and historical facts behind the madhouse of this period,but few of them looked at the works of those who actually experienced the hospitalized therapy.Exploring the works of Mary Lamb,a female intellectual,and John Clare,a male peasant poet,in this transformative context of the mental hospitals,we can uncover the narrative values of their works based on their experiences and genders.Ms.Lamb’s poetry shows typical characteristics of compensation,a way in which she treats her sense of guilt by promoting early childhood education.Marked with typical satirical features,Clare’s works reveal the dark transactions in the private madhouse and the violence in public madhouse.Both works,to some extent,contribute to the advancement of mental hospital reform.