中国政府环境治理的注意力变迁——基于国务院《政府工作报告》(1978-2021)的文本分析

Attention Changes of Chinese Government Environmental Governance——Text analysis Based on the Government Work Reports of the State Council(1978-2021)

改革开放40多年来,中国环境治理取得了长足进步,这与中国政府环境治理的注意力密切相关。注意力代表政府对特定事务的关注,而环境治理的注意力变迁则反映了中国政府对环境治理的重视程度及其变化。以国务院《政府工作报告》(1978-2021)为研究依据,通过文本分析法,探讨中国政府环境治理注意力变迁的内在规律。研究结果表明:首先,自改革开放以来,中国政府环境治理注意力呈逐步上升趋势,但相较于经济注意力所占比重不高;其次,环境治理注意力具有间断波动、易变性强的特性;再次,每个时期环境治理的注意力表现有所不同,环境治理呈现出多元化的趋势;最后,相较于整体环境治理注意力,海洋环境治理注意力则一直处于较低水平。总体而言,中国政府环境治理无论在注意力还是行动上都有所增加,对环境治理的效果也起到积极的作用。未来要保持政府环境注意力的持续性与增长性,政府应及时回应环境治理相关社会需求问题、继续加强环境治理政策的协同、持续关注环境治理各领域事务的平衡,不断发挥媒体的监督作用。

After more than 40 years of reform and opening up,China’s environmental governance has made great progress,which is closely related to the attention of the Chinese government on environmental governance.The attention represents the government’s attention to specific issues,while the change of attention to environmental governance reflects the Chinese government’s attention to environmental governance and its changes.Based on the Government Work Reports of the State Council(1978-2021),this paper discusses the internal law of the change of the government’s attention on environmental governance through text analysis.The results are shown as follows:firstly,since the reform and opening up,the Chinese government’s attention to environmental governance has been gradually increasing,but compared with the economic attention,the proportion is not high;secondly,the attention to environmental governance is characterized by discontinuous fluctuation and strong variability;thirdly,the attention of environmental governance is different in each period,and the environmental governance presents a trend of diversification;finally,compared with the overall attention of environmental governance,the attention of marine environmental governance has been at a low level.In general,the Chinese government environmental governance was increasing in both the attention and the action.It also plays a positive role on the effects of environmental governance,but the contradiction between economic development and environmental protection,especially to the marine environment governance is under the condition of low attention.Therefore,the Chinese government should take relevant measures to further increase the sustainability of environmental governance and strengthen the investment policy.Meanwhile,the government should balance the attention of various fields,enhance the participation of the government and the public,and promote the construction of ecological civilization.