“党领导一切”:观念和体制的变迁——基于《建党以来重要文献选编(1921-1949)》的文本考察

The Party’s Overall Leadership: Its Evolution of Concepts and Institutional Arrangements——Base on the Textual Research of the Selected Important Documents since the Foundation of CPC(1921-1949)

"党领导一切"是党作为无产阶级先锋队及无产阶级组织的最高形式的性质定位的观念表述。新民主主义革命时期,"党领导一切"的观念和体制随着中国共产党从幼稚走向成熟而持续形塑。以《建党以来重要文献选编(1921-1949)》(1-26册)为主要文本依据的考察发现,"党领导一切"的观念和体制在此间约略经历三个阶段,其对象所涉和语义所指亦各有侧重。建党时期到土地革命时期,观念层面主要指领导一切群众斗争(群众运动),强调党对其他组织的绝对领导作用,同时初步建立了领导军队和领导苏维埃政权的体制;全面抗战时期,观念层面指领导一切其他组织,并侧重于构建横向的集中统一领导体制(一元化领导);解放战争时期,无论在观念层面还是在体制层面,都强化了纵向的集中统一领导。新时代"党领导一切"的话语是革命年代话语的总结升华,不论在"观念-叙事"层面还是在"规则-施为"层面都呈现出一些新的语用特征。

“The Party’s Overall Leadership”is the conceptual expression of the basic orientation of the Party as the vanguard of the proletariat and the highest form of the proletarian organizations.During the period of the New Democratic Revolution,the concepts and institutional arrangements of The Partys Overall Leadership continued to shape themselves and continues to form Plastic while the CPC grew up from immature to matureiry.Based on the textual research of the Selected Important Documents Since the Foundation of the CPC(1921-1949),we find that the concepts and institutional arrangements of“The Party’s Overall Leadership”has gone through three stages,each with its emphasis on the object and semantic meaning:from the period of the foundation of the CPC to the Period of Agrarian Revolution,it basically referred to lead over all mass struggles(mass movements),and initially established its leadership over the army and the Soviet Regime;during the period of the war against Japan in all aspects,it mainly referred to lead over other organizations,and focuses on building a horizontal centralized and unified leadership system(CPC’s Unified Leadership);during the period of the War of Liberation,the vertical centralized and unified leadership was strengthened both in concept and institutional arrangement.The discourse of“The Party’s Overall Leadership”today is the summary and sublimation of the discourse in the revolutionary era.It presents some new pragmatic features in both levels of“concept-narrative”and“rule-act”.