马克思对西方传统正义观的辩证批判

Marx’s Dialectical Criticism on the Western Traditional View of Justice

马克思对西方传统正义概念持辩证批判的态度,而非全盘否定。青年马克思未能脱离时代精神的框架,站在理性主义立场上从抽象范畴出发肯定了西方理性正义观的进步性;在把人的实践及生产劳动确立为本体论根基后,马克思看穿了自由主义的错谬,认识到唯心主义及法权理念的局限性,指出自由主义的正义理念可能消解现实社会弊端、麻痹无产阶级革命精神;站在人类社会历史发展的高度,马克思强调人的生产劳动实践的正义性,揭示了资产阶级分配正义观营造的平等假象。基于对唯心主义把正义作为物质实践"先导"的批判,马克思实现了同西方哲学抽象运演正义范式的决裂,探索实现人类解放的正义诉求,体现了他对西方传统正义观追求人的自由发展这一价值内核的批判继承与改造。

Marx held a dialectical and critical attitude towards the concept of justice,rather than completely denying it.The young Marx,unable to break away from the frame of spirit of The Times,affirmed the progressiveness of the western view of rational justice from the perspective of rationalism and from the perspective of abstract category.After establishing human practice and productive labor as the foundation of ontology,Marx saw through the errors of liberalism,recognized the limitations of idealism and the concept of legal rights,and pointed out that liberalism tried to eliminate social evils on the concept of justice and paralyze the illusion and hypocrisy hidden in the revolutionary spirit of the proletariat.Standing at the height of the historical development of human society,Marx emphasized the justice of human production and labor practice,which shattered the illusion of equality created by the concept of justice of bourgeois distribution.Based on his criticism of idealism regarding justice as the"forerunner"of material practice,Marx achieved a break with the paradigm of abstract operational justice of western philosophy,and his pursuit of justice for the realization of human liberation reflected his critical inheritance and transformation of the core value of the western traditional view of justice,which pursues the free development of human beings.