拜耳法赤泥脱碱方法研究现状

Research Status of Bayer Method of Red Mud Dealkalization

赤泥是氧化铝生产过程中产生的强碱性工业固体废物。目前处置赤泥的主要方法是人工池塘/水坝或露天堆放,造成土地资源的巨大浪费和环境保护的巨大压力。赤泥的强碱性是制约其大规模综合利用的重要因素,因此要实现赤泥大规模的综合利用以及促进氧化铝生产工业的可持续性发展,就迫切需要对赤泥进行脱碱。论文采用文献研究方法,综述了国内外拜耳法赤泥的脱碱方法,例如酸浸法、盐离子置换(沉淀)法、微生物修复法、水洗法、CO_(2)法等,分析了各类赤泥脱碱方法的脱碱机理及其优缺点,并在目前脱碱的基础上展望了未来赤泥脱碱的发展路径。

Red mud is a strong alkaline industrial solid waste which generated during alumina production.This situation have lead the red mud cumulative storage quantity become huge.The main methods used for deal with the red mud currently are artificial ponds/dams or open piles which lead a huge waste of land resources and a huge pressure on environmental protection.The strong alkalinity of red mud is an important factor limiting its comprehensive utilization on a large scale.Therefore,there is a great need to de-alkalize red mud in order to realize its comprehensive utilization on a large scale and to promote the sustainability of alumina production industry.The paper adopts the literature research method and reviews the domestic and foreign methods of dealkalization of Bayer red mud,such as acid leaching method,salt ion replacement(precipitation)method,microbial remediation method,water washing method,CO_(2)method,etc.It analyzes the dealkalization mechanism of various red mud dealkalization methods and their advantages and disadvantages,and outlooks the future development path of red mud dealkalization on the basis of the current dealkalization.