2019年上海市空气质量特征研究

Spatial and Temporal Variability of Major Air Pollutants in Shanghai in 2019

为了解上海市主要大气污染物浓度水平及其变化规律,该研究依据上海市2019年1月1日-12月31日10个国控点SO_(2)、NO_(2)、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、CO和O_(3)逐时观测资料及对应空气质量指数(AQI),分析了上海地区大气污染的时间变化和空间分异特征。研究结果表明:(1)2019年上海市空气质量总体属Ⅱ级良,首要污染物为PM_(2.5)、O_(3)和NO_(2)。从时间上看,5月空气质量最差,9月空气质量最优。年均AQI呈现春季>冬季>夏季>秋季的特征;(2)从空间分布来看,位于市区的徐汇上师大和杨浦四漂监测站点受到传统工业的影响,空气质量较差,而浦东川沙、浦东张江监测站位于城市边缘,空气质量相对较优。作为清洁对照点的青浦淀山湖AQI值较高,大气质量相对较差,PM_(2.5)/PM_(10)值较高,表明青浦淀山湖大气环境主要受到细颗粒物的影响,其空气质量是其所属地理位置、湖泊性质和社会发展3要素综合作用的结果。

We analyzed six major air pollutants(SO_(2),NO_(2),PM_(10),PM_(2.5),CO,O_(3))plus a summary metric(air quality index,AQI)from 10 ambient air quality monitoring stations of Shanghai during 2019,to examine its spatial and temporal variability.The results showed that(1)The annual AQI in Shanghai was 77.86,which met the national GradeⅡstandard,PM_(2.5),PM_(10),NO_(2)were three primary pollutants.And the average AQI decreased in the order of spring,winter,summer and autumn respectively.Monthly AQI showed a wavy-shaped curve,the peaks of which appeared in January,April,August and December.(2)Because of the traditional industrial in urban areas,AQI in Putuo and Yangpu Sipiao stations also showed the very high value.The greatest air quality occurred in Pudong Chuansha and Pudong Zhangjiang stations,which were located in the suburb and near the sea.In addition,the worst air quality appeared in Qingpu Dianshan Lake.It had a relatively higher PM_(2.5)/PM_(10)value and the concentrations of PM_(2.5)had a significant difference with other stations,thus it showed that the air quality in Qingpu Dianshan Lake was mainly influenced by fine particulate matter.Besides,the poor air quality was caused by geographic location,high humidity(around the lake)and economic development.