地下水典型药品和个人护理品检测与风险评估

Detection and Risk Assessments of Typical Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Groundwater

文章利用固相萃取和高效液相色谱-串联质谱法分析了上海市地下水中16种典型药品和个人护理品(PPCPs)的污染特征并评估了其生态风险和健康风险。结果表明,研究区地下水中有7种磺胺类抗生素(甲氧苄啶、磺胺甲啊恶唑、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、磺胺甲氧哒嗪、磺胺噻唑)和3种雌激素(双酚A、4-叔-辛基酚、4-正-壬基酚)检出,其中磺胺类抗生素检出率5.3%~65.8%,浓度范围ND~93.6 ng/L;雌激素检出率63.2%~100%,浓度范围ND~186 ng/L。双酚A的检出率为100%,平均浓度最高,达到39.8ng/L。生态风险评估结果显示,10种检出的PPCPs均处于中低风险,表明研究区地下水PPCPs污染的风险较小,但仍需警惕。对地下水中双酚A的健康风险评估显示,双酚A的致癌风险和非致癌危害商均低于可接受风险水平,表明健康风险较低。

The pollution characteristics of 16 typical pharmaceuticals and personal care products(PPCPs)in groundwater in Shanghai were analyzed by solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry,and their ecological and health risks were evaluated.It revealed that there were seven sulfonamides(trimethoprim,sulfamethoxazole,sulfadiazine,sulfadimidine,sulfamonomethoxine,sulfamethoxypyridazine,and sulfathiazole)and three estrogens(bisphenol A,4-tert-octylphenol,and 4-n-nonylphenol)detected in the study area.The detection rate and concentrations of sulfonamides were 5.3%~65.8%and ND~93.6 ng/L respectively,while those of estrogens were 63.2%~100%and ND~186 ng/L.Bisphenol A exhibited the highest detection rate and average concentration of 100%and 39.8 ng/L,respectively.Ecological risk assessment results showed that the detected ten kinds of PPCPs were all at medium or low pollution levels,indicating the PPCPs pollution in groundwater of the study area was in low risk.However,the ecological risk still deserved to be vigilant.The health risk assessment of bisphenol A in groundwater were evaluated.Its carcinogenic risk and non carcinogenic hazard quotient were both lower than the acceptable risk levels,indicating that the health risk of bisphenol A was low.