黑水虻对不同畜禽粪便生物转化效果研究

Bioconversion of Different Manure of Animal by Black Soldier Fly Larvae(Hermetia illucens L.)

为研究黑水虻处理不同畜禽粪便生物转化效果、转化前后理化性质以及碳氮分布变化,该文利用5日龄黑水虻幼虫处理猪粪、牛粪、鸭粪以及鸡粪,并对转化前后畜禽粪便相关指标进行测定。结果表明:不同畜禽粪便养分均可满足黑水虻正常生长,猪粪与鸡粪处理组的黑水虻虫体鲜重(189.23 g和193.45 g)显著高于牛粪与鸭粪处理组(167.68 g和178.18 g)。黑水虻对猪粪、鸡粪的减量率和生物转化率较高,分别为63.23%和65.49%、33.66%和35.09%,处理牛粪的减量率和生物转化率最低,分别为40.98%和20.48%。转化后,畜禽粪便的可溶性有机碳、铵态氮以及硝态氮均显著降低,可溶性有机碳分别下降了29.06%(猪粪)、24.69%(牛粪)、27.01%(鸡粪)、24.93%(鸭粪),铵态氮分别下降了88.01%(猪粪)、59.38%(牛粪)、85.57%(鸡粪)、79.12%(鸭粪)。黑水虻转化畜禽粪便后,猪粪和鸡粪中18.32%和19.47%的碳以及33.24%和35.56%的氮转化为虫体蛋白和油脂,70.21%和65.36%的碳以及42.36%和41.36%的氮保留于虫粪中,黑水虻对牛粪中的碳氮元素利用率低,仅14.46%的碳和27.43%的氮用于虫体生长,77.68%的碳和54.68%的氮依旧残留在虫粪中。黑水虻可以有效地处理不同畜禽粪便,并对碳、氮元素进行回收利用,且转化后的虫粪具有进一步作为优质生物有机肥的潜力。

To study the effect of biotransformation and the changes in chemical and physical properties,carbon and nitrogen distribution of different livestock and poultry manure treated by black soldier fly larvae(BSFL),the 5-days-old larvae were used to transform pig manure,cow manure,duck manure,and chicken manure.The relevant indexes of animal manure before and after transformation were determined.The results showed that the nutrients of different livestock and poultry manure could satisfy the growth of BSFL,and the fresh weight of BSFL in pig and chicken manure(189.23 g and 193.45 g)was significantly higher than that in cow and duck manure(167.68 g and 178.18 g).The reduction rate and biotransformation rate of BSFL to pig manure and chicken manure were 63.23%,65.49%,33.66%,and 35.09%respectively,but the reduction rate and biotransformation rate of cow manure were the lowest,40.98%and 20.48%respectively.After transformation,the dissolved organic carbon,ammonium nitrogen,and nitrate nitrogen in animal manure decreased significantly.The dissolved organic carbon decreased by 29.06%(pig manure),24.69%(cow manure),27.01%(chicken manure)and 24.93%(duck manure),respectively.Ammonium nitrogen decreased by 88.01%(pig manure),59.38%(cow manure),85.57%(chicken manure),and 79.12%(duck manure)respectively.18.32%and 19.47%of carbon and 33.24%and 35.56%of the nitrogen in pig manure and chicken manure were converted into protein and fat by BSFL,while 70.21%and 65.36%of carbon and 42.36%and 41.36%of nitrogen were retained in the frass.Whereas the BSFL had low utilization of carbon and nitrogen in the cow manure,14.46%of carbon and 27.43%of nitrogen were used for the growth of the insect.77.68%carbon and 54.68%of nitrogen were remained in the frass.In conclusion,BSFL can effectively transform different animal manure,recycle carbon and nitrogen.The transformed insect frass has the potential to be a high-quality bioorganic fertilizer.