水体中有机磷农药的分布、检测及治理

Review on the Distribution,Detection and Removal of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Water Bodies

中国农业生产中大量使用有机磷农药(OPPs),其经地表径流、挥发、在土壤中迁移转化,随即在水、气、土及生物中赋存,威胁人体健康。该文基于公开发表文献,比较了国内外不同水体中OPPs种类及赋存,综述了OPPs引起生物体中毒的机制,总结了有机磷检测所用色谱法、免疫分析法、酶水解法、酶抑制法及电化学法的优缺点,阐述了去除水中OPPs的6种常用技术。通过该文系统检索现有的OPPs分布、检测技术、相关法律法规及去除方法等,展望了未来OPPs降解的研究方向和前景,以期帮助相关研究与管理者快速了解OPPs,也供OPPs研究及治理借鉴。

Organophosphorus pesticides(OPPs)are used in agriculture,which could be transformed by surface runoff,volatilization and migration into soil,then residual in lake water,atmosphere,soil and enrichment in organisms,and finally posed a risk to human health.Based on the data from published articles,the species and contents of OPPs in different water bodies of the world were compared,the mechanism of poisoning caused by OPPs was summarized,the advantages and disadvantages of five OPPs detection methods,such as chromatography,immunoassay,enzyme hydrolysis,enzyme inhibition and electrochemical,were summarized,and six common techniques for the removal of OPPs from water bodies are also described.The distribution of organophosphorus pesticides,detection techniques,relevant laws and regulations,and removal methods were systematically reviewed,which could provide reference for researchers and managers to quickly acquire basic knowledge in the field of OPPs.