滨海石油烃污染场地地下水微生物群落特征

Relationship between Groundwater Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contamination Zoning and Biological Communities in Coastal Pollution Sites

石油污染物的浓度和分布对降解细菌群落的结构组成有显著影响。为探究地下水微生物群落结构的多样性与石油烃污染物分布的关系,文章对某污染场地地下水样品进行分析,测定多种指标并进行微生物高通量测序验证降解机制。研究表明,沿地下水流向,依据石油烃浓度研究区地下水可划分为重度(Ⅰ)、中度(Ⅱ)和轻度(Ⅲ)3个污染带。在石油污染的地下水环境中,变形菌门是主要的石油降解菌门,优势菌属为假单胞菌属。高浓度的石油污染会抑制微生物物种的丰富度和多样性,微生物群落与TPH、COD、DOC、SO42-等环境因子相关性显著,不同分带的微生物群落结构组成不同(Ⅰ带以Pseudomonas、Proteinniphilum为优势菌群,Ⅱ带以Pseudomonas、Sulfuritalea等为主,Ⅲ带微生物种类增多,以Pseudomonas、Hydrogenophaga、Flavobacterium为主)。结合水化学和微生物群落推测Ⅱ带可能发生了以硫酸盐为主的石油烃生物降解机制。该研究结果为深入了解石油烃在环境中的分布和降解机理,促进生物降解技术在环境修复领域的应用和发展提供了数据支持。

The concentration and distribution of petroleum pollutants have a significant influence on the structural composition of degrading bacterial communities.To explore the relationship between the diversity of microbial community structure in groundwater and the distribution of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants,groundwater samples in a polluted site were analyzed,multiple indexes were determined and the degradation mechanism was verified by high-throughput sequencing of microorganisms.The results showed that groundwater in the study area can be divided into three pollution zones,i.e.,heavy(Ⅰ),medium(Ⅱ),and light(Ⅲ),along the flow direction of groundwater.In a petroleum-contaminated groundwater environment,Proteobacteria was the main petroleum-degrading bacteria,and the dominant bacteria were Pseudomonas.High concentrations of petroleum contamination inhibit the richness and diversity of microbial species.The microbial community had a significant correlation with environmental factors,including TPH,COD,DOC,and SO_(4)^(2-),and the composition of the microbial community was different in different zones(Pseudomonas and Proteinniphilum were dominant in zone Ⅰ,Pseudomonas and Sulfuritalea were dominant in zone Ⅱ,and Pseudomonas,Hydrogenophaga,and Flavoterium were dominant in zone Ⅲ).Combining hydrochemistry with microbial community,it was inferred that the biodegradation mechanism of petroleum hydrocarbons dominated by sulfate may occur in zone Ⅱ.The research results provide data support for further understanding the distribution and degradation mechanism of petroleum hydrocarbons in the environment and promoting the application and development of biodegradable technology in the field of environmental remediation.