重金属污染土壤微生物修复研究进展

Advances in Microbial Remediation of Heavy Metals Contaminated Soil

重金属污染导致土壤理化性质、功能和生态结构发生了变化,从而致使土壤肥力丧失,农作物减产。土壤中的重金属还会被植物吸收,并通过食物链或食物网最终传递到人类体内,危害人体健康。重金属污染土壤生物修复法具有成本低、环境友好等特点,其中微生物法通过对土壤重金属吸收沉淀和氧化还原等来降低土壤中的重金属含量及毒性,是一种有效修复方法。该文首先分析了重金属对微生物的毒害性以及微生物在重金属胁迫下产生的抗性效应,其次综述了微生物修复重金属土壤的方法及作用机理,最后归纳了微生物联合修复土壤重金属的效果和机理。

Heavy metal pollution has caused changes in the physical and chemical properties,functions and ecological structure of the soil,resulting in loss of soil fertility and reduction of crop yields.The heavy metals in the soil will also be absorbed by plants,and finally transmitted to the human body through the food chain or food web,then endangering human health.The bioremediation method of heavy metal contaminated soil has the advantages of low-cost and environmental friendliness.Among them,the microbiological method,is an effective remediation method,reduces the content and toxicity of heavy metals in the soil by adsorption precipitation,and redox.At firstly,this paper generalizes the toxicity of heavy metals to microorganisms and the resistance effect of microorganisms under heavy metal stress.Secondly,it reviews the methods and mechanism of microbial restoration of heavy metal soil.Finally,the effect and mechanism of soil heavy metal restoration by microorganisms are summarized in this paper.