河南省多尺度均衡与产量因子的生态足迹评估

Assessing Ecological Footprint Based on Multiscale Equivalence and Yield Factors in Henan, China

生态足迹模型是有效评价自然资源供需关系的定量工具,均衡因子与产量因子是该模型的关键参数,评估其取值的不确定性对结果的准确与可靠性有重要意义。文章基于自然资源、土地利用、社会经济等数据,分别以全球、国家、省域、城市为评价单元,核算不同空间尺度上的均衡因子与产量因子,分析其在模型应用时的尺度效应,并对河南省18个城市的生态足迹与承载力进行动态研究。研究结果表明,河南省各市在全球、国家、省域、城市尺度上的均衡因子与产量因子差异性较为显著,尤其是草地在城市尺度上相差达741.84~1011.67倍;生态赤字具有明显的尺度效应,且随着空间尺度的下推,人均生态赤字有所降低。通过计算不同尺度上的均衡与产量因子,对生态足迹模型的关键参数进行分析,以科学准确评估河南省各市的生态环境压力,可为河南省区域间资源优化配置、产业结构调整提供基础数据与决策参考,对实现区域社会-经济-自然复合生态系统的可持续发展具有重要意义。

Ecological footprint(EF)model is an important tool to quantitatively evaluate the relationship between supply and demand of natural resources.Equivalence and yield factors are the key parameters of the model,and it is imperative to evaluate their uncertainty for accuracy and reliability of research results.Based on resources,land-use and social-economic statistics,this paper takes the world,country,province and city as evaluation units,calculates equivalence and yield factors at multiscale,analyses the scale effect in model application,and assesses dynamically ecological footprint and carrying capacity of 18 cities in Henan Province,China.The conclusions are as follows:there are significant differences in equivalence and yield factors among cities in Henan at different spatial scales,especially the disparity of grassland on urban scale is up to 741.84~1011.67 times.Ecological deficit per capita decreased with spatial downscaling,reflecting an obvious scale effect.By calculating multiscale equivalence and yield factors,the key parameters of EF model are analysed to scientifically and accurately represent ecological environmental pressure of each city.Overall,this research could provide basic data support and policy reference for resource optimal allocation and industrial structure adjustment among regions of the province,which is vital for sustainable development of the social-economic-natural complex ecosystem in Henan,China.