基于替代等值分析的矿山生态环境损害评估

Ecological-environmental Damage Assessment of Mine Based on Alternative Equivalent Analysis

矿山开采活动引起的环境污染和生态破坏已成为一个全球性的环境问题。评估矿山开采造成的生态环境损害,对当前生态环境损害赔偿改革政策的制定实施以及生态环境的改善具有重要意义。文章阐述了替代等值分析法的原理和适用范围及其在生态环境损害评估中的应用,并对损害评估量化指标选取的原则和方法进行了说明。结合案例分析,量化非法采矿行为导致的生态环境损害的范围和程度。基于替代等值分析原理,进行生态系统服务期间损害量化评估,制定生态恢复方案,阐明生态恢复工程费用计算的方法、原则和参考标准、规范等依据,为进行生态环境损害价值量化提供方法和依据。通过对矿产资源开采造成的生态环境损害进行定量评估,重点说明了替代等值分析法在生态环境损害评估中的实际应用及使用过程中需要注意的问题,可为矿产资源开发环境管理政策的制定与生态环境损害赔偿工作的开展提供理论和实践依据。

Environmental pollution and ecological destruction caused by mining activities have become a global ecologicalenvironmental problem.It is of great significance to evaluate the ecological-environmental damage of mining in order to implement the reform policy of ecological-environmental damage compensation and improve the ecological environment.It was expounded that the principle and application scope of alternative equivalent analysis method and its application in ecological environment damage assessment,and the principle and method of selecting quantitative index of damage assessment was also explained.Combined with case studies,the ecological-environmental damage caused by mining was analyzed,the scope and extent of ecological-environmental damage was quantified,the interim damage of ecosystem services was assessed with the use of alternative equivalent analysis,and ecological restoration plan was formulated.It was expounded that the methods,principles,reference standards and norms of the cost calculation of ecological restoration project,to provide a method and basis for quantifying the value of ecological-environmental damage.Through the quantitative assessment of the ecological-environmental damage caused by the mining,the practical application of alternative equivalent analysis method in the assessment of ecological environmental damage and the problems needing attention in the use were highlighted,to provide theoretical and practical basis for the formulation of environmental management policies and the implementation of ecological-environmental damage compensation for mineral resources exploitation.