黄石市大气挥发性有机物污染特征及源解析

Pollution Characteristics, Ozone Formation Potential, and Sources of Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds in Huangshi

为研究黄石市大气挥发性有机物(VOCs)污染特征、臭氧生成潜势及来源,该文于2018年7月-2019年4月,在黄石市城区使用苏玛罐采集大气VOCs样品,利用气相色谱质谱/氢火焰离子检测器(GC-MS/FID)测定71种VOCs。结果表明,黄石市总挥发性有机物(TVOCs)平均浓度为(24.1±9.01)×10^(-9)(体积浓度),季节性变化趋势为冬季高夏季低。黄石市大气VOCs的平均臭氧生成潜势(OFP)为128μg/m^(3),对OFP贡献最大的物种是乙烯,其值为21.2μg/m^(3)。特征物种比值显示,黄石市大气存在一定老化现象,异戊烷和正戊烷可能受到燃料燃料蒸发和机动车排放影响,甲苯和苯受机动车尾气影响较大。正交矩阵因子模型的解析结果显示VOCs的主要来源为机动车排放源(30.44%)、燃料挥发源(24.48%)、燃烧源(22.58%)、石油化工源(9.26%)、溶剂使用源(8.06%)和植物排放源(5.18%)。

To demonstrate the pollution characteristic of volatile organic compounds(VOCs),ozone formation potential,and sources in Huangshi atmosphere,we used SUMMA tank to collect atmospheric VOCs samples and gas chromatography mass spectrometry/hydrogen flame ion detector(GC-MS/FID)to measure 71 VOCs at an urban site in Huangshi City from July 2018 to April 2019.The results showed that the average concentration of total volatile organic compounds(TVOCs)in Huangshi City is(24.1±9.01)×10^(-9)and the concentration of TVOCs in winter are higher than in summer.The average ozone generation potential(OFP)of atmospheric VOCs in Huangshi City was 128μg/m^(3),and the species that contributes the most to OFP is ethylene,with a value of 21.2μg/m^(3).The ratio of characteristic species showed that there is a certain aging phenomenon in the atmosphere of Huangshi City.I-pentane and n-pentane may be affected by fuel evaporation and motor vehicle emissions,while toluene and benzene were greatly affected by motor vehicle exhaust.The analytical results of the orthogonal matrix factor model showed that the main sources of VOCs are motor vehicle emission sources(30.44%),fuel evaporation(24.48%),combustion sources(22.58%),petrochemical industry(9.26%),solvent usage(8.06%)and plant emission sources(5.18%).