不同车型的颗粒物及其重金属排放分担率研究

Study on the Sharing Rate of Particulate Matters and Heavy Metal Emissions of Different Vehicle Types

机动车保有量的持续增长使道路交通成为城市颗粒物排放的主要贡献源,颗粒污染物富含各种重金属,对人体健康与环境保护都构成了极大的威胁。为探究不同车型对颗粒物总排放量以及不同排放物的分担率,文章选取福州市金鸡山隧道路段作为研究区域进行研究。结果表明,总车型占比为2.77%的大型客车、重型货车、轻型货车,贡献了74.43%的尾气颗粒物排放;小型客车贡献91.36%的制动颗粒物排放以及91.59%的轮胎颗粒物排放,而仅贡献8.94%的尾气颗粒物排放。根据隧道路段颗粒物排放量及机动车排放成分谱,计算出颗粒物中34种元素的排放量共计1075.24 g/d,占颗粒物总质量(2181.71 g/d)的49.28%;小型客车的重金属元素排放占总重金属排放的89.08%,其中尾气、制动和轮胎的颗粒物排放分别占0.28%、90.28%和9.44%;57.72%的非金属元素则来自大型客车、重型货车和轻型货车,其中尾气、制动和轮胎排放分别占96.30%、2.34%和1.36%。占比仅为2.77%的大型客车、重型货车和轻型货车为道路尾气污染物的主要贡献源,而保有量巨大的小型客车(89.63%)则主要以制动、轮胎排放的方式排放颗粒物及重金属污染物。

The continuous increase in the number of motor vehicles has made road transportation a major contributor to urban particulate emissions.Particulate pollutants are rich in various heavy metals which posing a great threat to human health and environmental protection.In order to explore the total emission of particulate matter and the sharing rate of different emissions by different vehicle types,the roads on both sides of Jinjishan Tunnel were selected as research area.The results showed that heavy passenger vehicles,heavy duty trucks,and light duty trucks,which accounted for 2.77%of the total traffic volume,contributed 74.43%of exhaust emissions;while 91.36%of particulate emissions from braking and 91.59%of particulate emissions from tires contributed by light passenger vehicles.According to the vehicle emission spectrum,the single day emissions of 34 elements in particulates,totaling 1075.24 g/d,has been calculated which accounting for 49.28%of the total particulate emissions(2181.71 g/d).Light passenger vehicles have contributed 89.08%of the heavy metal emissions,of which exhaust,brake and tire emissions account for about 0.28%,90.28%and 9.44%respectively.57.72%of the non-metal emissions are contributed by heavy passenger vehicles,heavy duty trucks and light duty trucks,of which exhaust,brake and tire emissions account for about 96.30,2.34%and 1.36%respectively.Heavy passenger vehicles,heavy duty trucks and light duty trucks,which account for only 2.77%,are the main contributors to road exhaust pollutants.While light passenger vehicles with large population(89.63%)mainly emit particulate matter and heavy metal pollutants through non-exhaust(brakes and tires)pollution.