武汉市汉阳区大气污染特征及气象影响分析

Analysis of Air Pollution Characteristics and Meteorological Impact in Hanyang District, Wuhan City

为深入了解汉阳区大气污染现状,文章根据2018年12月-2019年11月汉阳区环境空气质量监测点污染物监测数据及同期气象数据,分析了大气污染特征、主要污染过程及气象条件影响。结果表明:汉阳区当前呈现出明显的季节性复合污染特征,春季和秋季PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)、O_(3)和NO_(2)等多种首要污染物并存,夏季和冬季则分别以O_(3)和PM_(2.5)为主;全年主要发生了以PM_(2.5)、O_(3)和NO_(2)为首要污染物的3类持续污染过程,PM_(2.5)污染程度最为严重,O_(3)次之,NO_(2)较轻;气象因素对污染物浓度具有重要影响,风速与主要污染物浓度均显著负相关,相对湿度主要与O_(3)显著负相关,温度与PM_(2.5)和NO_(2)显著负相关,而与O_(3)显著正相关,气压则和温度完全相反;气团轨迹聚类及潜在源区分析结果显示,汉阳区PM_(2.5)污染的潜在源区主要分布在湖北省中部和东部、江西省北部、山东省西南部以及鲁苏豫皖4省交界地区,O_(3)污染的潜在源区主要分布在湖北省中部和东部、安徽省西部以及长江三角洲的部分地区,NO_(2)污染的潜在源区主要分布浙江省西北部、安徽省南部以及长江中游城市群的部分地区。

In order to explore the current situation of air pollution in Hanyang District,Wuhan City,based on the pollutant monitoring data from December 2018 to November 2019 and the meteorological data of the same period,the characteristics of air pollution,the main pollution processes and the influence of meteorological conditions were analyzed.The results show that Hanyang District presents obvious seasonal composite pollution characteristics at present,and PM_(10),PM_(2.5),O_(3)and NO_(2)are the main primary pollutants in spring and autumn,but O_(3)is the main primary pollutant in summer and PM_(2.5)is the main primary pollutant in winter.Three types of continuous pollution processes with PM_(2.5),O_(3)and NO_(2)as the primary pollutants occurred in this area all year round.Among them,the pollution degree of PM_(2.5)is the most serious,followed by O_(3)and NO_(2).Meteorological factors have an important influence on pollutant concentration.Wind speed is negatively correlated with the concentration of major pollutants,relative humidity is only negatively correlated with O_(3),temperature is negatively correlated with PM_(2.5)and NO_(2),but positively correlated with O_(3),and the influence of near-surface air pressure on pollutants is completely opposite to temperature.The results of backward trajectory clustering and potential source area analysis show that the potential source areas of PM_(2.5)pollution in Hanyang District are mainly distributed in central and eastern Hubei province,northern Jiangxi Province,southwestern Shandong Province and the border areas of Shandong,Jiangsu,Henan and Anhui provinces,while the potential source areas of O_(3)pollution are mainly distributed in the central and eastern parts of Hubei Province,western Anhui Province and parts of the Yangtze River Delta,and the potential source areas of NO_(2)pollution are mainly distributed in the northwest Zhejiang Province,southern Anhui Province and parts of the middle reaches of Yangtze River.