滹沱河流域地下水硫酸盐污染特征及源解析

Characteristics and Source Apportionment of Groundwater Sulfate Pollution in Hutuo River Basin

滹沱河流域地下水是石家庄地区居民的重要饮用水源。近年来,随着工业化和城市化的快速发展,导致该地区地下水中硫酸盐污染问题日益严重。该研究于2015年1月和2016年8月各采集了滹沱河流域地下水水样28组,运用水化学理论和多元统计技术研究了该地区地下水硫酸盐的污染特征,并识别了硫酸盐的污染来源。结果表明:滹沱河流域地下水硫酸盐污染较重,枯水期和丰水期地下水硫酸盐的浓度均值分别为192.9 mg/L和185.4 mg/L,超标率分别为21.4%和21.4%。该地区地下水硫酸盐受到人类活动的严重影响,其浓度的高低与地下水水位埋深密切相关。滹沱河流域地下水水化学类型主要为HCO3.SO4-Ca(Mg)。在枯水期和丰水期SO4型水出现的比例分别高达82%和75%。主成分分析结果表明,地下水硫酸盐的主要污染来源在枯水期是生活污水、工业污水(点源污染)和水岩交互作用(诱因);而在丰水期转变为生活污水(点源污染)和水岩交互作用(诱因)、面源污染和工业污水(点源污染)。

Groundwater in the Hutuo River Basin is an important drinking water resource for inhabitants in Shijiazhuang.In recent years,with the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization,sulfate pollution of groundwater has become a serious problem.In this study,we used hydrochemical methods and multivariate statistical techniques to analyze the characteristics of sulfate pollution and identify the sources of sulfate.28 monitoring sites from two field survey(January,2015 and August,2016)were collected and pretreated.The results showed that sulfate pollution of groundwater in Hutuo River basin is serious,and the average concentration and the exceeding rate of sulfate in groundwater is 192.9 mg/L and 185.4 mg/L,and21.4%and 21.4%,in the dry and wet season,respectively.The concentration of sulfate in groundwater was significantly affected by human activities,which was closely related to the depth of groundwater table.The hydrochemical type of groundwater in Hutuo river basin was mainly HCO3 SO4-Ca(Mg).The proportion of SO4 type water in the dry and wet seasons was as high as 82%and 75%,respectively,which indicating that the groundwater has been seriously polluted by sulfate in this area.A principal component analysis(PCA)revealed that the primary pollution sources of groundwater were domestic sewage(point source),industrial sewage and water–rock interactions(inducing factor)in the dry season.However,in the wet season,the main pollution sources transformed to domestic sewage(point source),water–rock interactions(inducing factor),nonpoint pollution and industrial sewage(point source).