北京冬季有机污染物日变化特征的研究

Study on Diurnal Variation Characteristics of Organic Pollutants in Beijing in Winter

大气有机污染物直接影响着人类的健康及其赖以生存的环境。为了研究北京冬季有机污染物日变化规律,在2014年1月8-20日连续采样12 d,每隔4 h采样1次。利用GC-MS测定了细颗粒物中有机组分浓度。研究结果表明,冬季有机组分月平均浓度(49.10±35.39)μg/m^3,共检测到5类有机污染物,分别是正构烷烃、一元酸、糖醇、二元酸、多环芳烃,分别占有机污染物的35%、25%、20%、13%、7%。5类有机污染中,正构烷烃与多环芳烃基本上呈现"单峰单谷"分布,脂肪酸、二元酸以及糖醇基本呈现"双峰单谷"分布,同时表明5类有机污染物与人类活动关系密切。通过比值法,可简单判定有机污染物的来源。

Atmospheric organic pollutants directly affect human health and their living environment.In order to study the diurnal variation of organic pollutants in Beijing in winter,continuous sampling was conducted for 12 days from January8 to 20,2014,and sampling was conducted every 4 hours.The concentration of organic components in fine particles was determined by GC-MS.The results showed that the average monthly concentration of organic components in winter was(49.10±35.39)μg/m^3,in which a total of 5 categories of organic pollutants were detected,including n-alkanes,fatty acids,sugar alcohols,dicarboxylic acids and PAHs,accounting for 35%,25%,20%,13%and 7%of the organic pollutant respectively.Among the five types of organic pollutants,n-alkanes and PAHs present a‘single-peak and single-valley’distribution,while fatty acids and sugar alcohols present a‘double-peak and single-valley’distribution,indicating that the five types of organic pollutants are closely related to human activities.The source of organic pollutants can be determined simply by the ratio method.